Blockchain and Machine Learning Empowered Internet of Things Applications: Current Issues, Challenges and Future Research Opportunities

Two advanced technologies that have the potential to revolutionise the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem are blockchain and machine learning, as they address a wide range of issues, including data security, interoperability, and scalability. However, there are a number of barriers to integrating these technologies, such as issues with trust, reliability, and governance. This research study summarises the current state of the BML-IoT applications and identifies the challenges and issues encountered in developing these applications. It also discusses possible directions for future research on BML-IoT applications for smart cities, energy management, smart homes, smart agriculture, smart education, and smart healthcare. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the endless possibilities of BML-IoT applications and the research challenges that need to be addressed to fully realise their potential.