TSKARNA-Norm Adaption Based NLMS with Optimized Fractional Order PID Controller Gains for Voltage Power Quality

The operation of a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is studied using a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC)-based topology to alleviate voltage anomalies from a polluted supply voltage. The control algorithm used included two components. The first is an adaptive Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK)-based adaptive reweighted $L_{1}$ norm adaption-based normalized least mean square (TSK-ARNA-NLMS) unit, which is proposed for the extraction of fundamental active and reactive components from the non-ideal supply and is further employed to generate the load reference voltage and switching pulse for the VSC. The step size was evaluated using the proposed TSK-ARNA-NLMS controller, and the TSK unit was optimized by integration with the marine predator algorithm (MPA) for a faster convergence rate. The second, a fractional-order PID controller (FOPID), was employed for AC- and DC-link voltage regulation and was approximated using the Oustaloup technique. The FOPID ($PI^{\gamma}D^{\mu}$) provides more freedom for tuning the settling time, rise time, and overshoot. The FOPID coefficients ($K_{\mathrm{i}}, K_{\mathrm{d}}, K_{\mathrm{p}}, \gamma$, and $\mu$) were optimized by employing an advanced ant lion optimization (ALO) meta-heuristics technique to minimize the performance index, namely, the integral time absolute error (ITAE) and assess the accuracy of controllers. The DVR performance was validated under dynamic- and steady-state conditions.