Integration of Electric Vehicles, Renewable Energy Sources, and IoT for Sustainable Transportation and Energy Management: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects

As the world fights climate change and depletes fossil fuel reserves, EVs, RES, and IoT offer sustainable transportation and energy management. This research paper examines the technological advances, regulatory initiatives, and market trends that have brought these three sectors together. EVs can reduce carbon footprints, energy efficiency, and urban pollution, but the article discusses their pros and cons in transportation. Batteries, charging infrastructure, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities are essential to integrating EVs into the power grid and realizing their full potential as distributed energy resources. The article also discusses how electric vehicles and renewable energy are growing in the electricity industry. Clean and sustainable energy mixes include solar, wind, hydro, and biomass. Demand response and energy storage can help integrate RES smoothly into the grid, according to the article. The study explores how IoT can change electric vehicles, renewable energy, and the power grid. Smart charging stations, V2I connectivity, and intelligent energy management systems could change energy consumption and distribution. IoT-enabled real-time data analytics and automation for EV charging, dynamic load balancing, and grid stability improve energy management and carbon footprint. This study examines the prospects and challenges of sustainable transportation and energy management with EVs, RES, and the Internet of Things. This includes uniform communication protocols, intermittent renewable energy, and strict cybersecurity. The report concludes with future research. The paper encourages policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics to collaborate on new business models, policy frameworks, and technological advances to accelerate this integrated approach's adoption.