Optimal Sizing and Siting of BESS in High Wind Penetrated Power Systems: A Strategy Considering Frequency and Voltage Control

Battery energy storage system (BESS) is a prominent option to provide frequency and voltage support in high wind penetrated power systems. However, the high investment cost of BESS makes its optimal allocation a critical issue. To address this issue, this article proposes an optimal sizing and siting strategy of BESS in high wind penetrated power systems considering the coordinated frequency and voltage control. The key feature of this strategy lies in the fact that the control scheme is incorporated into allocation process, thus achieving the optimal allocation in a dynamic context. Specifically, the allocation problem is a linear programming problem with the objective of minimizing BESS investment cost. Meanwhile, the control scheme is established based on model predictive control (MPC) with the aim of frequency and voltage grid support. The MPC control problem is then embedded into the linear allocation problem, resulting in an integrated multi-objective optimization problem, which links the allocation domain and control domain. The generalized Benders decomposition is introduced to decompose the integrated optimization problem into a master problem and a set of subproblems, which can be solved iteratively and alternately. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.