Power Quality in Microgrids: A Critical Review of Fundamentals, Standards, and Case Studies

Integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid has become a critical research topic in recent years. Microgrid technology has emerged as a promising option to integrate distributed generation and facilitate the widespread use of grid-connected renewable energy. However, ensuring appropriate power quality (PQ) in microgrids is challenging. High PQ is crucial for achieving energy efficiency and proper operation of equipment. This comprehensive review paper offers an overview of PQ issues in microgrids, covering various types of PQ disturbances, their key features, and the most relevant PQ standards. Additionally, it provides an extensive case study review of published research on PQ analysis of microgrid and renewable energy based systems. The key findings of each case study and their investigation method are emphasized. The paper also discusses in detail the different approaches and models employed in these studies to assess PQ issues. A wide range of microgrid systems is presented, featuring various sizes, configurations, topologies, and components, such as photovoltaic and wind systems, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. Overall, the paper emphasizes the importance of maintaining high PQ in microgrids and provides a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners interested in this topic.