Research Progress in Cold Start and Control Strategies of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The use of hydrogen energy has got wide attention under the “dual carbon” goal, and improving the cold startup performance and dynamic stability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) using hydrogen as raw material is of great significance for the fuel cell industry and chemical industry. In extremely cold environments, the interior of the battery may freeze and block pores, obstructing the flow of chemically reactive gases and making it difficult to start the battery cold; Since PEMFC is a complex strong coupling nonlinear system, the output power stability fluctuation and output voltage uniformity deterioration will occur after the startup. In this paper, the research progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells in recent years is reviewed from three cold start strategies, and the control strategies of the start-up cells are summarized. It also proposes a prospect for the development of PEMFC at low temperatures: a single cold start strategy and control strategy have their own advantages and disadvantages. Research on PEMFC should focus on collaborative control in multiple ways to ensure that the battery stack is not excessively damaged and adapt to extremely cold environment conditions.