A Time-Sensitive Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks' Communication

Marine monitoring of the environment is a significant subject that has rapidly drawn a great deal of study and development attention. Several maritime surroundings monitoring systems were created throughout the last decade. Oceanographic research vessels are expensive, time-consuming, and provide low temporal and geographical resolution for monitoring the marine environment. Because to its low price, ease of deployment, ability to monitor in real time, and lack of need for human intervention, Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (HWSNs) are currently recognized as potentially attractive options for monitoring maritime ecosystems. This work addresses the need for adaptive data transmission in maritime settings. In this paper, underwater heterogeneous sensors are deployed in the sea for monitoring marine and then cluster based adaptive routing is implemented by means of K-means++ clustering and Emperor Penguin Optimization algorithm, respectively. Finally, the experiments are conducted using network simulator-2 and the performance is evaluated for throughput, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime.