Grey Wolf Optimization-Based CNN-LSTM Network for the Prediction of Energy Consumption in Smart Home Environment

In smart homes, the management of energy is gaining huge significance among researchers in recent times. This paper presents a system for predicting power utilization and scheduling household appliances in smart homes. The system utilizes a combination of Grey Wolf optimization (GWO), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to improve energy management. The GWO algorithm is used to enhance the performance of the CNN-LSTM model. GWO is an optimization algorithm inspired by the hunting behaviour of grey wolves. It helps in finding optimal solutions for complex problems by mimicking the social hierarchy and hunting mechanisms of wolves. The fusion of CNN and LSTM serves as a pattern finding strategy for energy management. CNN is effective in extracting spatial features from data, while LSTM can capture temporal dependencies. By combining these two approaches, the model can analyze energy consumption patterns and make accurate predictions. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, the paper uses three error metrics: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The reported values of RMSE, MSE, and MAE are 0.6213, 0.3860, and 0.2808, respectively. These metrics indicate the accuracy of the model’s predictions, with lower values indicating better performance. Furthermore, this paper compares the proposed approach with the existing baseline models to access its superiority. According to the results, the proposed model outperforms the existing approaches in terms of prediction accuracy, as it achieves lower errors, compared to the baseline models. In summary, the proposed GWO-based CNN-LSTM network demonstrates improved prediction accuracy compared to the existing approaches, as indicated by the evolution metrics.