Review and Indication of Key Activities for Energy Management Improvement in DC Microgrids

DC MicroGrids (MG) must have Energy Management Systems (EMS) to guarantee efficient, dependable, and environmentally friendly electricity. The application of Model Predictive Control (MPC), proved to be helpful due to its adaptability and capacity to use non-linear models. This paper, based on an extensive literature review, identifies and discusses the three key activities to improve the characteristics of DC microgrids, i.e.: the use of Energy Storage Systems (ESS), the implementation of Demand Side Management (DSM), and the use of MPC. These activities generally associated with the use of advanced control techniques allow optimization of microgrid operation taking into account various practical constraints, including time horizon, ESS parameters, and Demand Response program (DRP).