Early Detection and Prevention of Varicose Veins using Embedded Automation and Internet of Things

Varicose veins are enlarged and twisted veins found in the subcutaneous tissues of the legs. Often, the blood valves in these veins are ineffective, resulting in blood reflux and symptoms of venous hypertension. Varicose veins are a chronic condition caused by improper blood circulation in the leg veins, disrupting the flow of blood from the legs to the heart. This occurs when blood accumulates in the leg veins, a condition called stasis, which causes blood to clot in the wrong direction and damages the inlet valve. Prolonged periods of both standing and sitting, aging, and reduced physical activity are among the primary causes of this chronic condition. Moreover, treatment for varicose veins can be expensive. Early diagnosis of this issue enables straightforward treatment and provides relief from discomfort and tension for the patient. Embedded automation and IoT play a significant role in the early detection of this condition by identifying various stages of varicose veins and assisting healthcare practitioners. According to the suggested plan of action, a micro controller (ESP32), force sensor, tilt sensor, SpO2 sensor, pressure simulator (vibration motor), Peltier crystal, and compression stocking with micro motors are utilized to measure pressure variations and vibrations. The technique involves continuous monitoring of blood oxygen levels, leg force, and leg angle. Real-time updates are then transmitted to the relevant parties through the Internet of Things.