A Comprehensive Review of Green Computing: Past, Present, and Future Research

Green computing, also called sustainable computing, is the process of developing and optimizing computer chips, systems, networks, and software in such a manner that can maximize efficiency by utilizing energy more efficiently and minimizing the negative environmental influence on the surrounding. The term “green computing” refers to practices that lessen the negative effects of technology on the environment. Due to the improvements in modern technology, various devices, mechanisms, and software have been developed, and lots of studies have been conducted to optimize and increase those technologies’ green computing abilities. Thus, review and summarization of green computing-based studies are required to identify the current advancements, challenges, and future research opportunities. This study reviewed and summarized green computing in each area studies, by exploring green computing’s twelve areas. Current research trends, datasets or testing mechanisms, and the construction or implementation of various technologies to accomplish green computing and sustainable development have been discussed. This study, after conducting a thorough comparison and analysis, provides responses to the proposed state-of-the-art research questions. Furthermore, this study presents the current challenges and future research opportunities with respect to each green computing area. This study will provide organizations, researchers, and institutions conducting research on green computing with insights and ideas. Furthermore, environmental organizations, companies, and government agencies concerned with reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption will also benefit from this review study.