Towards Energy-Efficient Computing Hardware Based on Memristive Nanodevices

Computing hardware is one of the crucial drivers of artificial intelligence (AI) that impacts our daily lives. However, despite the significant improvements made in recent decades, the energy consumption of computing hardware that powers AI, especially deep neural networks, remains considerably higher than that of human brains. Hardware innovations based on emerging nanodevices like memristors offer potential solutions to energy-efficient computing systems. This review discusses the challenges associated with developing energy-efficient computing hardware based on memristive nanodevices and summarizes recent progress in memristive devices, crossbar arrays, systems, and algorithms, aiming at addressing these issues from a bottom-up approach. Potential research directions are proposed to further improve future computing hardware's energy efficiency.