Single-Input Multiple-Output K-Complex Symbol Golden Codeword Media-Based Modulation

The
$K$
-complex symbol Golden codeword-based modulation (
$K$
CSGC) scheme for multiple-input multiple-output systems has been recently proposed in the literature and is capable of achieving a high diversity order by transmitting the same
$K$
complex symbols in each of
$K$
time slots. In this paper, we investigate improving the spectral efficiency of a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) configuration of the scheme (SIMO-
$K$
CSGC) by employing radio frequency (RF) mirror assisted media-based modulation (MBM). Three schemes are investigated: Scheme 1 employs the same RF mirror activation pattern (MAP) in each of
$K$
time slots, Scheme 2 employs different MAPs in each of the
$K$
time slots, while Scheme 3 employs different MAPs in a subset
$k$
of the
$K$
time slots. A joint detector based on the sorted symbol set sphere decoder and maximum-likelihood detection rule is presented and its computational complexity is analyzed. The bit error rate versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) curves show that there is a negligible penalty incurred in SNR gain when the spectral efficiency is increased by a few bits per channel use. For higher increases in spectral efficiency, the penalty increases but is less significant with increasing
$K$
. Scheme 1 is found to be superior in terms of the error performance-spectral efficiency trade-off. The theoretical average bit error probability is derived for the SIMO-
$K$
CSGC-MBM scheme and demonstrates a very close match with simulation results.