Emergency Message Distribution in Vehicular Networks with Fuzzy Logic Model at MAC and Network Layer

The surge in motorization and urbanization has resulted in a notable increase in road traffic, leading to heightened congestion and a rise in the frequency of road accidents. To ensure reliable transportation, the timely and stable transmission of safety messages through Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is crucial. The movement of vehicles and changes in network topology can lead to link breakage and packet loss. To address this issue, a solution is proposed that utilizes a fuzzy logic system in both the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and the network layer (NetMac-Fuzzy) to efficiently disseminate safety messages to a fixed destination such as a hospital. To accommodate changing traffic conditions, the proposed model optimizes both the Contention Window (CW) and the process of selecting the next forwarder. By considering network parameters such as traffic flow and link strength, the model selects the appropriate size of CW. For multi-hop communication, the model considers various factors such as traffic direction, vehicle density, divergence in speed, and storage between the transmitter vehicle and surrounding vehicles within its transmission range to determine the next forwarding relay. The simulation results demonstrate that the NetMac-Fuzzy model exhibits consistent throughput performance with an increase in vehicle density, and it also shows a 5% improvement in average packet delay compared to other models.