Optimal Energy Management Methods of Electric Vehicle with Battery and Super-Capacitor

The study of Electric Vehicles(EV) with battery Supercapacitor is considered to address the shortage of power density of energy storage system. For use of two Energy storage system(ESS) where energy management is carried out using Hybrid Energy Storage System(HESS). In this project, the best management strategy is proposed, using Pontryagin's stationery Principle which distributes the driving force at lightning speed while two ESS drive the vehicle immediately and Energy from regenerative braking is divided between the two ESSs. This work includes details on lithiumion batteries and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems for EVs. Results from the simulation are obtained and evaluated on a small scale while connected to a bidirectional DC-DC converter. Depending on the battery capacity, batteries can provide a longer electrical range, but they are less effective when utilized under high load conditions, leading to higher thermal stress and shorter battery life. Simulink/MATLAB is used to run the simulation. It features three modes of operation, including brushless DC motor propulsion for electric vehicle propulsion, with energy management and storage in between.