Fractal antenna design with slots for multiband applications

The construction of a wideband fractal antenna with a modified ground structure is discussed in this paper. The basic patch antenna structure is derived from the available equations in the literature. To attain the necessary wideband properties, the suggested antenna underwent multiple iterations in the basic patch shape. In the second iteration, a partial ground plane was added, and the ground plane's length was changed to increase the frequency range. The maximum bandwidth of the designed antenna is altered by using expansions in the ground plane. The alterations are being done in both horizontal and vertical directions for analyzing the effects. The results of many simulations with and without slots were seen for various antenna configurations. CST studio software was used to model the antenna, and performance parameters like return loss, gain, and other variables were all within acceptable bounds. The radiation pattern was omnidirectional, and the maximum gain value was reported to be 4.5 dB. The suggested antenna is appropriate for the different wireless systems applications.