Electrostatic Induction and Electron Beam within The Vacuum Chamber

Vacuum technology has been developed for decades to overcome humanity’s limitations, but many phenomena are not apparent within the vacuum. Therefore, knowledge of vacuum science is essential for vacuum technology development. This article has two aims: The first objective is to test the materials’ electric induction in the vacuum by observing their pendulum. The second objective is to explain the electric discharge and the path of an electron beam in the experiment using classical electrostatics and field electron emission theory. The experiment setting-up is that the electrodes are connected to a 3K-30K voltage DC electric generator, and hanging the materials between the electrodes. The result shows that the electrodes never store the electrons and immediately release an electron beam from the positive electrode’s edge to the negative electrode’s edge, referring to field electron theory. The emitted electron beam is curved due to the electric field at the edge of the electrode. When the conducting sphere is hung between two electrodes, the electron beam will be allowed to pass through that conducting sphere and hit the edge of the lower potential electrode without any attraction. Meanwhile, the electrode turns out to attract a non-conducting material. This phenomenon can be described by electrostatic induction.