Research on the Orderly Charging and Discharging Mechanism of Electric Vehicles Considering Travel Characteristics and Carbon Quota

To study the impact of personal carbon trading (PCT) mechanism on the economy and reliability of the power distribution system operation, this article proposes an orderly charging and discharging strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) that integrates a dynamic update mechanism of charging tariff and carbon revenue, taking into account the travel characteristics of EVs and users’ willingness to respond. First, the probability density of the travel time parameters for EVs is calculated based on an improved kernel density estimation (IKDE) method. Second, the carbon emissions at each stage of the lifecycle of EVs are calculated using a life cycle assessment approach (LCA), and a model for EV carbon quota and carbon revenue is constructed. Then, based on the net load data of the power distribution system, a dynamic updating model for the pricing of ordered charging and discharging is established. Finally, with the objective of reducing the dispatching cost for EV users and stabilizing the load fluctuation of the power distribution network, an optimization model for EV charging and discharging load dispatching is constructed. Based on the dynamic charging and discharging tariff information and state of charge (SOC) at the time of access to the grid, an evaluation model of the economic benefits of EV participation in orderly regulation is constructed. The response willingness of EV users to the dispatching strategy is inferred using the fuzzy logic control algorithm. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of this dispatching strategy in reducing the dispatching cost for EV users and stabilizing the net load fluctuation of the power distribution system. Furthermore, it is observed that as carbon prices increase, the optimization dispatching effect becomes more pronounced.