A Dynamic Capacity Sharing Model for User-side Energy Storage Station Considering Peer-to-peer Transactions

Existing energy storage capacity sharing adopts a fixed capacity allocation for some time, and the flexible needs of users still need to be satisfied. To fully exploit the regulation capacity of energy storage, a novel dynamic sharing business model for the user-side energy storage station is proposed, where centralized capacity sharing and peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions of scheduling right are considered. The business model can be described as a two-stage game process, where the Stackelberg game is firstly carried out between shared energy storage (SES) and prosumers to transact leasing capacity of energy storage, and a non-cooperative game is conducted among prosumers to further share the charging and discharging scheduling right. Considering the behavior of prosumers, a bi-level model is formulated to realize the interaction between SES and prosumers. The upper-level SES sets the leasing price of storage capacity to prosumers with the goal of maximum profits, while the lower-level prosumer provides leasing capacity and power schedule to SES. Besides, prosumers trade peer-to-peer scheduling rights between them. Such a Stackelberg game with one leader and N followers is an NP-hard problem and challenging to solve. A generalized Nash equilibrium solution method based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions with approximations is proposed for solving the solution of the business model. The case study verifies that the user-side energy storage business model proposed in this paper has a more considerable profit margin than the traditional fixed capacity sharing model and effectively improves the efficiency of idle energy storage utilization.