Enhancing Drug Repurposing on Graphs by Integrating Drug Molecular Structure as Feature

Drug repurposing has become increasingly important, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This process involves identifying new therapeutic uses for existing drugs, which can significantly reduce the cost, risk, and time associated with developing new drugs, de novo development. A previous conducted study proved that Deep Learning can be used to streamline this process by identifying drug repurposing hypotheses. The study presented a model called REDIRECTION, which utilized the rich biomedical information available in graph form and combined it with Geometric Deep Learning to find new indications for existing drugs. The reported metrics for this model were 0.87 for AUROC and 0.83 for AUPRC. In this current study, the importance of node features in GNNs is explored. Specifically, the study used GNNs to embed two-dimensional drug molecular structures and obtain corresponding features. These features were incorporated into the drug repurposing graph, along with some other enhancements, resulting in an improved model called DMSR. Performance score for the reported metrics values raised by 0.0448 in AUROC and 0.0919 in AUPRC. Based on these findings, we believe that the method used for embedding drug molecular structures is interesting and captures valuable information about drugs. Its incorporation in the graph for drug repurposing can significantly benefit the process, leading to improved performance evaluation metrics.