An Integrated Transmission and Distribution Grid Model for the Cybersecurity Analysis of an EV Ecosystem

This paper presents a virtualization environment that is composed of a transmission network simulator, a distribution network simulator, and an Electric Vehicles (EV) ecosystem emulator. The coupling and synchronization of these three components are ensured so that the environment can simulate different applications in a context of an energy transition of the grid characterized by transportation electrification. The performance of this environment will be evaluated through some tests that highlight its advantages and show its importance in improving the grid modeling. Potential applications of our virtualisation tools include the simulation and study of cyberattacks that impact the transmission and/or the distribution systems through compromising, for instance, the operations of the EV charging infrastructure, third party systems in the EV ecosystem, or other power grid components.