Dense 3D fractal tree structures as miniature end-loaded dipole antennas

As part of an effort to further improve modern communication system technology, researchers are studying different approaches for creating new and innovative antennas. One technique that has received a lot of recent attention involves combining aspects of fractal geometry with antenna design. This rapidly growing area of research is known as fractal antenna engineering. One particular class of antenna configurations is based on fractal trees. Fractal tree structures can be exploited in antenna designs to produce multiband characteristics or to achieve miniaturization. Dipole antennas that use fractal tree structures as end loads can achieve a resonant frequency lower than a standard dipole of comparable length. We discuss ways to improve antenna miniaturization techniques that employ fractal tree geometries as end loads by increasing the density of branches (i.e., by using trees with a higher fractal dimension).