Crowd Sensing Intelligence for ITS: Participants, Methods, and Stages

The construction of transportation 5.0 or the so-called society-centered intelligent transportation systems (ITS) has aroused higher requirements for the intelligent sensing capability to seamlessly integrate Cyber-Physical-Social Systems (CPSS). Crowd Sensing Intelligence (CSI), as a promising paradigm, leverages the collective intelligence of heterogeneous sensing resources to gather data and information from CPSS. Our first Distributed/Decentralized Hybrid Workshop on Crowd Sensing Intelligence (DHW-CSI) has been focused on principles and high-level processes of organizing and operating CSI. This letter reports the discussion results of the second DHW-CSI addressing the participants, methods, and stages of CSI for ITS. We categorized sensing participants into three kinds, i.e., biological, digital, and robotic. Then we summarized three methods to enable sensing intelligence, i.e., foundation models, scenarios engineering, and human-oriented operating systems. Finally, we anticipated that the progression of CSI will experience three stages, from algorithmic intelligence to linguistic intelligence, and eventually to imaginative intelligence.