Obtaining passivity of micro-teleoperation handling a small inertia object

There have been many bilateral micro-teleoperation systems handling a small object. Historically, Lawrence (1991) proposed the transparency-optimized architecture and passivity theorem for stability analysis of bilateral teleoperation. He claimed that unless the task(or environment) impedance contains a significant inertial behavior, passivity condition for transparency-optimized architecture can not be satisfied. To overcome this problem, we analyze and propose a method which can satisfy passivity condition for the micro-teleoperation system handling a small inertial object based on the structures originated by Lawrence and Hashtrudi-Zaad et al. (1999) and velocity-force scaling property of micro-teleoperation.