Game-theoretical Model for Dynamic Defense Resource Allocation in Cyber-physical Power Systems Under Distributed Denial of Service Attacks

Electric power grids are evolving into complex cyber-physical power systems (CPPSs) that integrate advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) but face increasing cyberspace threats and attacks. This study considers CPPS cyberspace security under distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and proposes a nonzero-sum game-theoretical model with incomplete information for appropriate allocation of defense resources based on the availability of limited resources. Task time delay is applied to quantify the expected utility as CPPSs have high time requirements and incur massive damage DDoS attacks. Different resource allocation strategies are adopted by attackers and defenders under the three cases of attack-free, failed attack, and successful attack, which lead to a corresponding consumption of resources. A multidimensional node value analysis is designed to introduce physical and cybersecurity indices. Simulation experiments and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for the appropriate allocation of defense resources in CPPSs under limited resource availability.