A general framework for SPICE-TLM interconnection

A general SPICE-TLM interconnection framework will be presented. The connection algorithm is based on the representation of the TLM network by equivalent Thevenin and/or Norton sources, The framework opens new and far-reaching possibilities for hybrid global microwave and high-speed digital circuit modeling in time domain because it integrates the extensive circuit and device models of SPICE into general three-dimensional field solutions in real time.