Comprehensive Analysis of Multiband Microstrip Patch Antennas used in IoT-based Networks

Every single Internet of Things (IoT) device needs an antenna. IoT applications, especially those where wired connectivity is practically non-existent, largely rely on wireless access for communication between IoT gateways and other communication-based devices. Wireless technology is significantly impacted by the antenna's improved technical improvement. Due to the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications in existing communication systems, there is an increasing requirement for small-sized antennas. Micro-strip patch antennas are frequently used in IoT applications because to their compatibility. The micro-strip antenna's key benefit is how simple it is to integrate into Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Wideband and multiband antennas are used to avoid using various antennas for different tasks on different frequencies. In this study, single band to multiband conversion strategies for microstrip patch antennas are covered. Different micro-strip antennas used for Internet of Things applications are compared with regard to their performance metrics, such as size, gain, and bandwidth. A single band antenna may be transformed into a multiband antenna using fractal and proximity coupled methodologies, which have been demonstrated to be significantly better than all previous methods. In order to achieve the multiband property of a patch antenna with high bandwidth, gain, and efficiency, several designs and methodologies have been examined in the literature.