A 3D Non-Stationarity and Consistency Model for Cooperative Multi-Vehicle Channels

In this paper, based on the irregular shaped geometry-based stochastic modeling (IS-GBSM) approach, a novel three-dimensional (3-D) model for cooperative multi-vehicle communication channels is developed. By employing the cooperative communication technology, multi-vehicles can form a platoon to cooperatively transmit data streams, which can achieve distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system performance. The proposed cooperative IS-GBSM distinguishes static and dynamic clusters, where continuously arbitrary vehicular movement trajectories (VMTs) of dynamic clusters and multi-vehicles are imitated. A new method, which combines frequency-dependent path gain and spectral clustering algorithm in machine learning (ML), is proposed to model cooperative space-time-frequency (S-T-F) non-stationarity with cooperative time-space (T-S) consistency. Based upon Poisson and Bernoulli processes, the developed method can also model the disappearance of links/sub-channels due to the destruction of transceivers by missiles in an optional manner. Therefore, the proposed cooperative IS-GBSM can further mimic an actual military cooperative communication scenario, i.e., cooperative multiple-unmanned ground vehicle (multi-UGV) communications for Mosaic Warfare. From the proposed cooperative IS-GBSM, typical channel statistics are derived. Simulation results show that cooperative S-T-F non-stationarity with cooperative T-S consistency is mimicked and the influences of vehicular traffic density (VTD) and VMT on channel statistics are investigated. Finally, simulation results fit well with the ray-tracing-based results, confirming the accuracy of the proposed cooperative IS-GBSM.