Grid-Forming Inverter Primary Control Using Robust-Residual-Observer-Based Digital-Twin Model

Grid-forming (GFM) inverters with inductor–capacitor (LC) filters are used to interface distributed generation with the grid. However, the GFM inverter systems are prone to incipient multiplicative faults due to the inherent parameter drift phenomenon of the LC filter. Motivated by this scenario, this article presents a primary active fault-tolerant control (PAFTC) strategy based on the robust-residual-observer-based-digital-twin model (RRODTM) to achieve the fault-tolerant control for the incipient multiplicative faults. The RRODTM is composed of a robust residual observer and a residual-driven compensation controller. Specially, the residual-driven compensation controller is designed by the data-driven method based on the multiplicative uncertainty caused by the incipient multiplicative faults. At the same time, this article constructs a data-driven-event-trigger mechanism based on stability margin to achieve the plug-and-play (PnP) function of the residual-driven compensation controller. Based on these, the PAFTC strategy improves the control performance online according to the degree of the incipient multiplicative fault. Comprehensive experiments show that compared to well-known control schemes in the literature, the PAFTC strategy improves the power distribution accuracy and transient response speed as well as enhances the robustness of the system.