Several Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols, Design-based Routing Problems and Challenges in IoT-Based WSN: A Review

Nowadays., the development of electronics and wireless sensor networks (WSN) has managed the path for the growth and proliferation of WSNs. It provides applications such as agriculture, medicine, weather prediction, defense, infrastructure, etc. The growth of wireless technology has increased due to the cost-effectiveness and convenience of services. Energy-efficient IoT-based WSN healthcare systems still, the frameworks are suffering from several problems such as data leakage, security issues, data aggregation, a small lifetime of the network, divergent transactions, etc. WSN has several challenges occurred in healthcare, such as limitations of computation, lack of power and bandwidth, sequence of operation, node mobility support (NMS), privacy, data communication, interference, congestion, data delivery, etc. WSN is a very useful network that is deployed in different areas for significant and smart services. These areas are agriculture, healthcare monitoring, industry managing, automation system in industries, defense, remote services, etc. This article discussed the existing EERPs (energy-efficient routing protocols). In WSN, the transmission of power effectiveness and efficiency are major concerns. As connections produce in size, the volume of collected data is increased, each of that consumes a considerable quantity of power, leading to the network node's premature demise. As a result, various EERPs have been created to optimize the amount of energy needed in information collection and gathering to rise the network lifetime. Various EERPs are data-centric, node-centric, destination, and source-initiated protocols. The performance parameter of the PEERP protocol is estimated based on the energy-efficient of network lifetime improvement. The existing outcomes promise these parameters in the outcoming section with graphical proofs.