Different Models of Transliteration - A Comprehensive Review

Accessing information because of language barriers has grown more crucial as globalization accelerates. The field of study called machine transliteration transforms words from one language to another while preserving their phonetic properties. With the rise of the Internet and the rapid expansion of online data, Information Retrieval (IR) has become a more significant field. Foreign terms are increasingly being incorporated into languages due to the development of new technologies and the flood of information available online. This generally indudes changing the adopted word's orthographical form as well as its original pronunciation to match the phonological norms of the target language. Transliteration describes this phonetic “translation” of a foreign language. Machine translation and cross-language information retrieval both benefit from transliteration. Ambiguity, variability, and out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words are a few of the crucial challenges that transliteration systems must deal with. This paper represents the transliteration models of the last decade used for transliteration-related research carried out by researchers.