Curved Synthetic Aperture Radar for Near-Field Terahertz Imaging

High resolution imaging techniques will play an essential role in the future smart imaging applications to provide potential solutions for accurate detection, monitoring and classification of the target. The potential of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems to acquire high resolution images has opened new frontiers and led to its exploration in new applications. The conventional microwave radar imaging suffers limited range resolution in the sub-millimeter wave range and optical imaging methods are constrained by the diffraction limit. In the terahertz (THz) regime of the spectrum, the SAR systems could be operated in all the weather, all the time and are capable of penetrating through clouds, smoke, dust etc. to achieve high resolution images beyond the diffraction limit. The curved SAR presents a SAR system created by circularly encircling the target scene. The Circular SAR and Spiral SAR which are based on a circular and cylindrical spiral scanning trajectory, respectively are the scanning methods used for curved SAR. In this paper, we have explored a new toolbox that enables the rapid development of near-field THz-SAR imaging systems and generation of large near-field THz imaging scenarios with the goal to support and facilitate data driven research such as deep learning in the THz community through synthetically generated SAR images as well as its potential for THz based high resolution and 2D/3D near-field imaging application. Initially, the potential advantages of THz-SAR over Microwave SAR and optical imaging methods are presented. Further, a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar testbed is simulated in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration for the target frequency band. Moreover, the circular and cylindrical SAR scanning methods are explored for near-field imaging of point targets to obtain 2D and 3D THz-SAR images, respectively. Also, the radar images are reconstructed using the Back Propagation and Polar Formatting Algorithms, focusing on short range applications like indoor environments. Finally, the SAR performance evaluation metrics are reported and a roadmap for future work is presented.