Plug-in Electric Vehicle Aided Load Frequency Control using Cascaded Controller in Microgrid System

The incorporation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in a micro-grid system can play a major role in load frequency control (LFC) with an appropriate charging/discharging process. This paper presents LFC in micro-grid system (diesel-wind-photovoltaic) utilizing PEV as a separate source. A cascaded proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is adopted to control the frequency response of the micro-grid system. The controller parameters are optimized by using a hybrid bacterial-foraging-oriented particle-swam-optimization (BFO-PSO) technique. The results of the proposed cascaded PID-based control scheme are compared with that obtained by other conventional controllers, and the computational performance of the hybrid BFO-PSO is compared with the widely used PSO. The proposed hybrid BFO-PSO tuned cascaded PID control scheme is validated with satisfactory results.