Optimal Transmit Beamforming for Integrated Sensing and Communication

This paper studies the transmit beamforming in a downlink integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system, where a base station (BS) equipped with a uniform linear array (ULA) sends combined information-bearing and dedicated radar signals to perform downlink multiuser communication and radar target sensing simultaneously. We consider two radar sensing design criteria, including the conventional sensing beampattern matching and the newly proposed minimum weighted beampattern gain maximization, respectively. Under this setup, we maximize the radar sensing performance while ensuring the communication users' individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) requirements subject to the BS's maximum transmit power constraints. In particular, we consider two types of communication receivers, namely Type-I and Type-II receivers, which do not have and do have the capability of cancelling the interference from the
a-priori
known dedicated radar signals, respectively. Under both Type-I and Type-II receivers, the beampattern matching and minimum weighted beampattern gain maximization problems are non-convex and thus difficult to be optimally solved in general. Fortunately, via applying the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, we obtain the globally optimal solutions to these problems by rigorously proving the tightness of their SDRs. Besides, for both design criteria, we show that dedicated radar signals are generally beneficial in enhancing the system performance with both types of receivers under general channel conditions, while the dedicated radar signals are not required with Type-I receivers under the special case with line-of-sight (LOS) communication channels. Numerical results show that the minimum weighted beampattern gain maximization design significantly outperforms the beampattern matching design, in terms of much higher beampattern gains at the worst-case sensing angles and much lower computational complexity in solving the corresponding problems. It is also shown that by exploiting the capability of cancelling the interference caused by the dedicated radar signals, the case with Type-II receivers results in better sensing performance than that with Type-I receivers and other conventional designs.