IoT-Based Smart Cities Beyond 2030: Enabling Technologies, Challenges, and Solutions

Due to the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities have become a very popular trend around the world when talking about urbanization. While the smart city is powered by modern digital technologies, it is mainly based on the IoT as it is the leading technology for many smart cities’ applications. In order to satisfy the mission of smart cities, IoT is used to connect everything in the physical world with the digital one, resulting in smarter services that are reflected in the quality of living. In this paper, we present an overview of the smart city and its enabling technologies by mentioning their role to lead the future of smart cities. Moreover, the common six basic applications of smart cities with the main existing and future use cases are investigated by highlighting the role of IoT in the evolution of smart cities. Finally, this paper analyzed the challenges and solutions of IoT-based smart cities’ applications to shape future IoT applications and present future directions.