Eco-Friendly IoT Solutions for Smart Cities Development: An Overview

The last three years showed global systems’ fragility in different disciplines, such as medicine, travel, and trade. Moreover, environmental changes are still happening in extreme weather phenomena, exacerbating COVID-19 in the world health sector. Therefore, the world needs to work hard in both traditional and modern technological ways to develop smart solutions for the development of smart cities to create open, interconnected networks for everyone. The focus of intense research worldwide is the development of standardized eco-friendly sensor networks enabled by IoT technology. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the challenges facing the world and humans in the current era and how modern technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), can make a real change in smart city development and save the global environment. These technological solutions and frameworks help to achieve innovative administration, high adaptability, better efficiency, and productivity. In particular, the paper spots light on top environmental challenges according to impact and likelihood classifications. Also, it discusses recent green technology solutions for smart city development in many applications, such as e-waste management, climate change adaptation, water crises, and natural disaster management.