Various Approaches to perceptual image hashing systems-A Survey*

The era of digital space has increased the chances of illicit use of digital content exponentially, thus posing innumerable threats to legit content. This issue is tackled efficiently using the perceptual image hashing systems. This study provides an overview of the previous and current literature on the variety of techniques that are employed for the creation of perceptual hash. It also categorizes the kind of manipulation that is investigated in the literature. Moreover, the framework, different evaluation criteria, and performance metrics are also discussed. The paper presents future recommendations and drawn conclusions from the surveyed techniques.