Forecasting the Propagation of LF-MF-HF Radio Waves over Ice Paths

The field of a vertical electric dipole over a homogeneous impedance surface is considered. A method for calculating the attenuation function of the ground wave field over a flat surface is given. The effects associated with the presence of a surface wave at highly inductive impedances when a signal is received at different heights above the surface are considered. The electromagnetic field exhibits a clearly expressed surface character. It is shown that the conditions for the propagation of LF-MF-HF radio waves over the structure “ice-sea” with highly inductive impedance are more favorable than over the sea without ice due to the occurrence of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW). It has been established that the conditions for the propagation of radio waves over ice paths depend on the frequency, ice thickness and distance from the transmitter.