A Tremor Suppression and Noise Removal Algorithm for Microscopic Robot-Assisted Cataract Surgery

Ophthalmic surgery consists of a series of precise manipulations performed using a surgical microscope. A surgical robot with a master–slave paradigm is commonly adopted to improve the precision and guidance intelligence for ophthalmic surgery; however, the surgeon's hand tremor, misoperation, inherent characteristics of the robot, and environmental interference may cause tremors of the end-effector of the surgical manipulator, thus increasing the risk of soft tissue damage and poor prognosis for the patient. A symmetrical threshold noise reduction combiner (STIC) is proposed to suppress hand tremors and reduce environmental noise interference. Additionally, the inverse kinematic model of the eight-degrees-of-freedom surgical robot for cataract surgery is developed, with the constraints of continuous circular capsulorhexis manipulation. Simulation results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the STIC is increased from 35.3907 to 57.0158 dB, whereas the maximum, average, standard deviation, and root mean square of the output of the STIC are decreased by 64.79%, 77.24%, 74.50%, and 75.86%, respectively. Three sets of in vitro experimental results show that these four indicators of the STIC performance are reduced by 59.73%, 76.57%, 57.23%, and 65.02%, respectively. These results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method on hand tremor suppression and inherent high-frequency disturbance elimination, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the microsurgical operation.