Tuning PID Controller Parameters of Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) Using Particle Swarm Optimization : A Comparative Study

Proportional integral derivative controller is commonly used to control devices, which is a transfer function consisting of three parameters which are: Proportional Gain (kp), Integral Gain (ki) and Derivative Gain (kd). The problem of the PID controller is that the gains (kp, ki and kd) must be chosen carefully in order to get better performance. In this paper, Particle swarm optimization (PSO) applies to obtain these gains. PID controller applies to Automatic Voltage Regulator in this paper. Furthermore, this paper presents simulation results that are used for comparing the proposed gains of PID controller and base system gains based on performance criteria in the time domain (Transient Analysis), including the overshoot, rise time, settling time, and steadystate error. In addition, this paper presents a simulation for the terminal voltage response to show the efficiency of the PSO method compared with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method and the simulated Annealing (SA) method.