EMI and IEMI Impacts on the Radio Communication Network of Electrified Railway Systems: A Critical Review

The electrified railway system has been rapidly rolled out in many countries and regions in the past decades, along with the transportation decarbonization agenda. The latest development in power electronics and electrical railway systems has increased the risks of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and intentional EMI (IEMI) emissions, introducing new challenges to the railway radio communications network. It is vital to have a robust and reliable railway communication network that can be resistant and immune to these interferences for the safe and efficient operation of modern railway systems. Yet, the source and new features of EMI and IEMI emerging along with the latest technological development have not been thoroughly investigated and understood. This review article aims to fill the research gap. First, railway communications systems are introduced. The EMI and IEMI are discussed at the whole system level, and the corresponding impacts on the signaling and communication systems are reviewed comprehensively. Current electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) methods are surveyed, and challenges of tackling the impacts of EMI and IEMI on the signaling and communication systems are discussed. Finally, future research directions are outlined.