The Optimized Model of Hybrid Grid Connected System for Power Generation of The University of Lahore, Pakistan

Energy is essential for a country's economic sector to be stable and prospering, but unfortunately, Pakistan's energy crisis is the country's biggest roadblock to increasing its economy. Industries need a constant supply; even minor supply delays can cost businesses millions of dollars. The primary reason for load shedding in Pakistan is the country's reliance on costly fossil fuels, whose prices are volatile and continue to increase. Pakistan has great potential for Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as wind, solar, micro-hydro/canal fall, biomass, biogas, tidal/ocean, geothermal, and biodiesel. This study aims to contribute to ongoing research on hybrid grid-connected systems by highlighting the optimal modeling and sizing and considering numerous techno-economic aspects such as system stability, capacity shortage constraint, Battery State of Charge (SoC), Photovoltaic (PV) power production, Net Present Cost (NPC), and PV array monitoring systems. The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software is used to analyze the six different scenarios employing the techno-economic factors, sensitivity analysis, and environmental consequences. The proposed system shows a significant decrease in energy costs and environmental emissions.