Progress in Research on Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy Based on Different Information Sources for Hybrid Vehicles

In recent years, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have become one of the leading technologies for renewable energy and environment-friendly automobiles. Since an HEV has two or more power sources whose high-efficiency regions usually do not overlap, it is crucial to choose suitable energy management strategies (EMSs) for HEVs to allocate the power outputs, improving the vehicular fuel economy and reducing emissions effectively. The equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) has become one of the most promising and widely studied EMS due to its merits of optimization potential and onboard real-time availability. This article reviews and discusses the progress in the state-of-the-art ECMS methods utilizing different information sources. It is proposed to classify various ECMS methods into two groups, i.e., the ECMS with and without external information according to the utilization of road, vehicle, and driver information. The principles, advantages and disadvantages, and application features of those methods are analyzed and compared in detail. Furthermore, ECMS execution methods with state-of-charge (SOC) correction and ECMS multiobjective optimization are also discussed. Finally, the outlook of research on the ECMS is presented.