Guest Editorial: Cyber–Physical–Social Intelligence: Toward Metaverse-Based Smart Societies of 6I and 6S

Transformational development in science and engineering rapidly integrates machine intelligence and human intelligence to form cyber–physical–social intelligence (CPSI), underpinning the growing interactions of cyberspace, physical space, and social space. A multidimensional reality is emerging and evolving with these interactions, leading to the creation of many new concepts and frameworks, such as parallel intelligence, digital twin, and metaverse. Meanwhile, new challenges continue to arise when we seek to reveal the fundamental principles for command and control of the new and extended reality by identifying and characterizing the relations of machines, humans, and nature. To meet these challenges, it is important for us to understand and explore algorithmic theories and processes that constitute CPSI, and to build cyber–physical–social systems (CPSS)
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with the features of agility, focus, and convergence that are vital to ensure an inclusive, sustainable, equitable, and resilient future for people and our planet.