A Study of Routing Mechanisms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Reliability

Road accidents are mostly caused by human negligence, and the majority of them may be prevented if the driver is warned at least half a second in advance. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks are used in this situation to promote passenger safety and decrease the probability of traffic accidents by enabling data transfer between vehicles. In these networks, routing is a challenging problem because of rapid topological changes, ongoing vehicle movement, and recurring link disconnections. Numerous routing techniques have been put forth to overcome the aforementioned problems. Combining the disparate research on this subject is required to fill this gap in the literature and offer suggestions for future study. Added reliability will be provided for the routing of data among these entities by employing “Vehicle to Vehicle, Vehicle to Road Side Unit, and Road Side Unit to Road Side Unit”. This survey paper provides a thorough analysis of the existing routing protocols in order to achieve objectives like message broadcasting; recovery from frequent link disconnections; and real-time data exchange in V2V and V2I communication. It also proposes routing schemes that can “increase packet delivery ratio, throughput, and reduce delay” in order to accomplish these goals.