C2R: A mechanism for Coverage and Connectivity, Hole Recognition and Repairment in Wireless Sensor Network

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of sensor nodes, base station, and sink. Sensor nodes are the primary component of a sensor network as they are responsible for collecting the environmental conditions and transmit. The data of Region of Interest (RoI). There are two significant challenges of wireless sensor nodes: 1. Coverage and Connectivity, and 2. Energy Optimization. The second challenge is countered by the optimization of routing algorithms and Wake and sleep schedule of the sensor nodes. Whereas many issues in coverage and connectivity of a Wireless Sensor Network problems remain unsolved. One of the issues is the identification of holes and the process of hole healing to deal with coverage and connectivity. Holes in a sensor network are of many types; such as coverage holes, routing holes, Jamming holes, wormholes, etc. In this research, the coverage holes that make sensor networks inefficient is addressed. The proposed mechanism has the following steps: In the first step, sensor coordinates are extracted and then intra-network distances are calculated. In the second phase, regions without adequate working sensors are identified as holes; each hole's centroid is calculated. In the third step, the target node within the hole range is selected for hole healing. Further, the holes within the network area are considered for our simulation.