Research on Position-Aided Beamforming for Connected Automatic Vehicles

In 4G LTE and 5G NR, beamforming has received extensive research and attention, mainly including location-based codebook beamforming, digital beamforming, analog beamforming and digital and analog hybrid beamforming, etc. However, on the one hand, digital or analog beamforming often requires complete channel estimation information, which is difficult to obtain in real time in the increasingly evolving and complex communication world. On the other hand, with the rise of the automated driving industry, GPS, lidar and other positioning methods have been further studied, which provides an opportunity for the further development and research of codebook beamforming based on location. At the same time, as the communication system is evolving to the sixth generation (6G), 6G technology will provide more accurate positioning information for the automated driving technology, and will also provide potential environmental sensing information and intelligent reflective surface, which further reflects the value of position-based beamforming. In this paper, the millimeter-wave analog beamforming system is studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: Firstly, a two-stage 3D codebook is adopted to design a millimeter-wave analog beamforming system based on the codebook. Then, this paper simulates the millimeter-wave analog beamforming system through MATLAB. In the simulation, the performance indexes of the system, such as signal-to-noise ratio, channel capacity and throughput, are studied. Finally, the significance of beamforming for practical communication and networked autopilot is analyzed through the simulation results.