Inverse-Scattering Theory Guided U-Net Neural Networks for Internal Multiple Elimination

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can automatically fetch specific features from seismic data, which can be used in the process of multiple elimination. An extended single-sided autofocusing guided by an inverse-scattering theory is introduced to remove internal multiples in a data-driven manner, which can be used as labels in DNNs. In this research, we have developed a novel workflow to explore the potential of neural networks in identifying the internal multiples with the guidance of inverse-scattering theory. In particular, we use the U-net with a self-attention (SA) block during the training process, which could extract features from seismic data effectively. The neural network is fed with training data pairs, consisting of the shot records with internal multiples, and the primary-only datasets as labels, which are generated by an extended single-sided autofocusing method. The testing pairs show that internal multiple elimination via the neural network takes the advantage of the extended single-sided autofocusing method and is cheaper when the neural network is well-trained. The numerical results demonstrate the promising performances of the SA U-net method in terms of noise resistance, internal multiples elimination, and the reverse time migration (RTM) images, in comparison with the extended single-sided autofocusing method.