Recycling of Rubber Scrap Tyres and Its Processes of the Utilization

Solid waste treatment is becoming a critical issue for the environment. According to estimates, the amount of garbage produced globally would more than quadruple by 2050 and triple by 2100 compared to 2016. Tyres is an integral component of transportation facilities. Tyre production accounts for 70% of the production of natural and synthetic rubber. The requirement and production of rubber is ever increasing. India exported rubber scrap products worth 28.5 USD Million to the overseas market. Use of rubber waste and recycling practice can reduce environmental footprints. The amount of carbon dioxide is reduced by 323 pounds as a result of recycling. Numerous physical and chemical procedures that aim to recover materials, energy, or chemicals from used tyres can be used to recycle them and convert them into useful products. Various techniques are available and are being explored for tyre recycling. Rapidly increasing rubber demand and consumption calls for effective and flexible methods for recycling of rubber waste including tyres. Recycling can reduce 10 to 30 % virgin rubber demand. Improper dumping and storage of rubber waste adversely affects the hygienic condition of the area. Waste tyres serve as a breeding ground for more mosquitoes, which can spread disease. Large tyre stacks can pose fire risks, produce toxic acid fumes that are dangerous to human health, and leave behind a risky oily residue. One tyre has a lifespan of 50–60 years in atmospheric conditions and 1500–2000 years in water. If a tyre is burnt, soot and hazardous gasses such biphenyl, anthracene, and pyrene are released into the atmosphere. These gasses catalyse soil, air and water pollution. Recycling helps in reducing all these menaces serving twin purposes of reducing solid waste and synthesizing the products from waste material at low cost.