Development and Practical Application of the Space System of Earth Observation in Ukraine (from Experience DO “Pivdenne” and JSC “Khartron”)

The studies of Ukrainian scientists in the field of remote sensing of the Earth are significant. Among them are fundamental and applied studies by scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, scientists of the higher technical school, and representatives of the industry sector. The significant contribution to the creation of scientific equipment for remote sensing of the Earth belongs to specialists of Pivdenne State Design Office, Joint Stock Company “Khartron”. Their contribution to the creation of spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth in Ukraine in the 1970s - 2020s was studied. The key stages of the creation of space vehicles, which were developed by specialists of the “Pivdenne”, such as Ocean-OESC, Ocean-O1SC, Ocean-OSC, Duga-K SC, Bhaskara SC, Bhaskara-IISC, Egyptsat-1SC, Sich-1SC, Sich-1MSC, MikronSC, Sich-2SC, Sich-2-30SC were illustrated. The work performance of remote sensing spacecraft is characterized. The contribution of specialists of branch enterprises of the State Space Agency of Ukraine to the creation of a space operational system for the study of natural resources of the Earth “Resurs”, and the development of a method of remote measurement of physical parameters of the ocean and atmosphere, calibration of remote sensing data, as well as a system of over-the-horizon radar, and space means of radio-electronic surveillance was outlined. It is shown that the participation of scientists in the solving of many scientific and technical problems like the creation of space vehicles for obtaining information simultaneously in the optical, infrared, and microwave ranges contributed to the further development, and the creation of innovative methods, and technical means of remote sensing; to the solving practical and scientific tasks in the study of the atmosphere, and the World Ocean; and the implementation of the Ukrainian and international space programs such as Sich, Interkosmos, Ocean, and Egyptsat-1.